This year is the year of Xin Ugly.Although the zodiac signs ugly and cattle together.But when it comes to cattle, people always have a beautiful and peaceful image.
There are horn on your head, with tails behind you, a wide body, a calm step, and a cow in the eyes of human beings.This is especially true for the Chinese. In the names of various animals, the bull’s strokes have the least strokes, so they have become the first animals that young children know when they are literate.Conversely, because Niu is too familiar, humans do not have to invent too complicated text to describe it, so as not to find trouble when writing.
The explanation of the cow in the Han Dynasty’s tile "Said the Words" is quite concise: "Niu, Da Lauret" -now is a big animal.This is not the author of "Said the Word" Xu Shen intentionally laziness (although his explanation of horses is also a "big animal"), but that the cow is too unusual, it is difficult to describe this unusual language in more unusual language to describe this unusual language.animal.From the perspective of Chinese characters, there is also a beef that is not enough for other animals. It is one of the few animals that can form new characters with people.The word "piece" was interpreted as "affairs" by Xu Shen -For the Chinese in the agricultural era, farming is a top priority every day, and this major event is only the most reasonable partner together.
Although now in front of the torrent of urbanization, the rural life retreates, and the shepherd boy riding the old cow in the sunset has long been replaced by the roar of the mechanical, but anyone only needs to see the old cowThe dark back, chewing the grass in his mouth, staring at the eyes of it always stunned, and then returning to the era of ancient pastoral shepherds.It is no wonder that so many painters in Chinese history are so keen on the classic combination of paintings and cattle again and again.When they mentioned the brushes, they thought of the "let the cattle in the wild of the peach forest" after the success of King Zhou Wu, to show the end of the war, and the world was flat; and the classic rural evening scene in the Book of Songs:
"The day of the day, the sheep cow came down."
These beautiful and peaceful poetic feelings are as calm and seizure as the temperament of the cow. It is no wonder that the founder of the Taoist Taoism will choose a cow as a mount. If it is a horse, then the wisdom of Lao Tzu is likely to become a militaryist who is a horse.With no disorder and peaceful cattle, you can carry the natural operation of nature.Lao Tzu naturally puts cattle in a secret and important position in "The Tao Te Ching": "The God of God is not dead, it is the door of Xuan Zang.The symbol of "dagger" symbolizes the mother nature of all things. It is the foundation of the heavens and the earth. As its corresponding word "Mu", it is composed of the cow and the male symbol "soil"., I often use Jingbei Mu, with quietness. "Only by winning the martial arts, static braking can we cultivate all things.
Perhaps the answer to the ultimate question about the origin of the universe is contained in a cow that is being quiet.
Southern Song painter Lee Di "Better and Rain Return to the Map"
Article | Li Xia En
01
Bison
The bison (original cow) on the Aldimila Cave murals is about 1 3,000 years ago.
"Look, Dad, Bulls!"
The three words in the little girl’s mouth summarized the most important discovery in the history of human civilization.It was an adventure in the cave called "Altamila" with his little daughter to a cave called "Altamila" in the autumn of 1879 in the fall of 1879.This amateur archeological ticket friend has always hoped that he could have a big discovery. The 19th century was the hustle and bustle of evolutionary theory and religious battle.With intuition, Satoala believes that he can find scattered strange animal bones or ancient human relics in this cave. It is best to have something like a skull or primitive tool.When he was busy poking the pestle in the cave, his nine -year -old daughter Maria found the shocking world and found that a bison painted on the rock wall.
Such a shocking discovery turned out to be through a child’s childish eyes, which was unexpected, but also reasonable.What Maria saw was the rock paintings drawn by the original human beings in the stone in the 13,000 years. At that time, humans were generally much shorter than the heads of people now.Boy.So Maria happened to be these rock paintings seen by the eyes of primitive people.But the most interesting part is that she can recognize this as a "bull" at a glance.Although this is not completely accurate, in fact, these small animals lying on the rock paintings are the original cattle that have long been extinct.But in another sense, this also proves that for modern people, in ancient times, it was not exotic. Through the curtain of time, the ancient and modern can be connected.
Although the identification of cattle can be consistent between ancient and modern, why did the ancients depict these bulls on the rock wall?If you have painted rock paintings, you will know that this is by no means easy: you need to stare at the rock wall with a stunned neck for a long time. To ensure that the pigment is applied accurately in the correct position, you must capture the lifelike details:How to stand, how to run, they are strong and healthy as the bulging mountain bags, as well as long -bearing long horns. 13,000 years ago, the twelve sets of brushes and pigment discs were not invented, which means that you must use your fingers to use your fingers on the wall.Painting.And more importantly, these rock paintings are deep in the cave, without sufficient light, and can only depict these bulls in the light and dark light.
The wild cattle rock paintings in the Altamra Rock Cave are not unique. People later discovered more cave murals in Spain and southern France, including the famous Rice Konbaleler rock paintings, Lasco rock paintings and Xiao Wei rock paintings.In 1909, people also found two bison clay sculptures at a cave in a cave in Billy Nemishan Tidbeel.
The big cow in Lasco Rock in France has a history of 15,000 to 17,000 years.
Why is human ancestor so obsessed with the image of beef?One explanation is that hunting bison is a necessary survival skill for primitive human beings. The ancestors worked hard to depict the image of these bulls. The purpose was to capture them through symbolic methods.Can.The so -called "thinking of things", the bison in the rock painting as "thought", in fact, hunting wild bison can also "achieve things", which is also a manifestation of "sympathetic witchcraft" generally existed in primitive society.
However, if in -depth analysis is performed, it will be found that the paint used by bulls is very characteristic, and it uses a large amount of red.This red is often found in the grave of the ancestor buried the deceased, covering the corpse.The color of red, blood.For the ancients, blood is the essence of life.The red in the grave undoubtedly symbolizes the expectations of relatives to give the dead vitality.And the strong bison itself has the vitality of the hair, painting it with red paint, making the vitality more vigorous.When the ancestors rubbed the red paint on the fingers in the fire, and looked at the red bison running in front of him, he could clearly feel that the cave and his home were full of vitality.
The symbol of cow’s vitality is more than that.The most prominent reason why cattle are beef are the horn on its head.Horn is the most daunting weapon, and it is also a docile herbivore, such as beef.In the eyes of the ancients, the horn of vitality has a strong penetration power, which is enough to penetrate those life -free things.In this sense, horns are the creation of life from scratch.
The embossed "horn girl" found in the cave of the French Rusles is also known as the "Horn Cup Venus".
A lime lime relief found in the cave of Loves in France, a woman with a plump body, holding one horn with one hand, while the other hand stroked its round and upside abdomen.The meaning is really obvious: the vigorous vitality is passed to her belly through the horns in her hand, and she will give birth to a new life.Of course, as you think, this relief is also painted with red red.In China’s archeological excavation, this symbolic significance is more obvious. In the Shanxi Tao Temple site 3,000 years ago, archeologists found a woman in their thirties at the bottom of the Grand Gulf of the palace area.Bone, her lower abdomen was also inserted with an horns.
The lower abdomen found in the Tao Temple site in Shanxi has a horny remains, about 4,000 years ago.
"The horn, jump also, yang qi leaps", the interpretation of the diagonal interpretation of the "White Tiger" in the Han Dynasty, can be described as a deep Samadhi.Yang Qi is the ingenuity of life.This horns, the so -called "rich horns", is a symbol of vigorous vitality. It has continued to evolve in history. In the West, it has become the holy relic "Holy Grail" that the knights of King Arthur’s legendary Legend of Arthur;In the East, it is the horn of the warrior’s mouth open his mouth, and the prelude to the life and death of the war with a high and vast voice of the war.
02
Cow
The Apus god cow in ancient Egypt, between the two corners above his head, facing the sun that brings all things to life.
The horns have such a magical power of life, so it is not surprising that the cattle itself, as a beast symbolic, is worshiped by humans.In ancient Egypt, God Cow Apus was the incarnation of the God of Creation of the Creation. It was born from the fire of the sun.Among the murals and sculptures of ancient Egypt, the two corners of the god cow Apus entrust the sun given to all things.In the worship of its festival, a calf with an inverted triangle on his forehead with a black forehead was used as the incarnation of Apus in the earth.The goddess of love and genitals, the worship and genitals of ancient Egypt, was also depicted with the head of the cow. Another mother -in -law Esseus was also depicted as the image of cows.Their common characteristics are that they can give life and prosperous fertility.
In the myth of the Nordic in Northern Europe, the first creature in the world was a cow named Odmbra from the Kim Lunga Hong ditch from Taichu. It created a giant by licking the salt on the ice cubes.Umir, nourishes him with his milk, Yomar’s body and limbs have become the raw material for creating the world of life.
Mitra is slaughter of a bull.Mitra’s belief is an extremely ancient belief in the Indo -European continent. Its beliefs and doctrines have a huge impact on Hinduism, Mathematics and Christianity in cultural exchanges in Indo -Europe.This Mitramuscus map is a concentrated manifestation of the Mitterra’s concept of the universe.As the god of light and the sun, Mitrat, the bull who was slaughtered by him symbolizes Taurus. The rise from April to May, which rose from Taurus, is the longer time in the northern hemisphere. The blood flowed out of the bulls symbolizes the light power of the sun.Bulls must be sacrificed with their own blood to make the world light.The evil dog who rushed over to bite the bull symbolizes Sirius. It licked the blood of the Bulls, symbolizing the advent of hot and hot summer.Scorpion symbolizes Scorpio.It bites the testes of the Bulls, symbolizing the sky dominated by Scorpio.
In terms of the idea of using the cow as the Lord of the human beings, the creation myth of the Ethics in Central Asia is the same as the Nordic mythology."Original cattle", then created the original man Gama Mart, and then obtained the seeds of humans and cattle from "Sunshine and Clean Wind".In ancient India, the mount of the creation and the destruction god Shiva was the Bulls Nandi. As a symbol of life breeding, Nandi used his own body to inspire the dampness of the dampness of the dampness.EssenceIn the temples of India, Bullson is considered to be an joyful deity and is admired. The priests and believers will dedicate milk to it to win their joy.
One of the three pillars of Hindu, a white bull Nandi, who is one of the three pillars of Hindu.
The symbol of Niu Zuo is the symbol of vitality, which is regarded as a deity by humans, and is highly respected, but from another perspective, the purpose of praying to the gods is to expect real benefits.From this perspective, it is essentially a transaction between human beef to deified and worship cattle.The process of creating cattle god worship is also the process of being domesticated by humans. This process is naturally a harmless progress for humans, but if it is from the perspective of cattle, it may not be a good thing.The natural life span of cows is 20 to 25 years, but human domesticated cattle often cannot enjoy the year. The domesticated beef cattle is born in the best slaughter age in a few months, and then died.Niu cattle had to drag heavy plows under the lashing of human beings throughout their lives.
As for dairy cows, this god of life that is generally respected by religious beliefs in different regions around the world is the most tragic.Under normal circumstances, the cows will only produce milk after giving birth to the Mavericks, and the milk production is limited to a period of lactation. However, in order to seize the mother’s milk from the calf’s mouth, humans are forced to take the calf just born ———The females in these Mavericks are left as a machine that is used as a human future milk -producing machine, and in addition to leaving the breeding, the male fate of many Mavericks is a meal for human beings.In order to deceive the bereavement cow to continue milk, some animal husbandry tribes will fill the calf’s fur with straw and send it back to the cow to continue milk.The approach adopted by the Sudan Nur tribe also reflects the cunning of mankind. They will tie a circle of stabs on the Mavericks, and the Mavericks will stab the cows when they want to eat milk, so that the cow will actively reject themselves to let themselves let themselves make themselves.Biological Mavericks eat milk, and human beings can dominate all the milk of the cow.
The purpose of cattle by human beings is to expect that cows will give grace to humans, and use their own pain to bring joy to humans -this is also the commonality of the gods in global religious beliefs: brings blessings to humans in the way of pain,Ze, the only difference is voluntary and passive.The essence of human beings to pray for gods and pray for prayers and prayers is to take it. From this point of view, cows are indeed worthy of the name of the gods.However, in order to satisfy their own desires, human requirements for cows are not only there.
03
Bull
It is said that Dai Song’s "Bull Fighting Picture" by the famous painter of the Tang Dynasty.
The dust flies, the eyes are stunned, the muscles and flesh are sturdy, the corners are together, and the blue body will almost collide out of the red fire light. In the moment, the flesh flew.The scene of bullfighting is always so murderous.Of course, this can be regarded as a bold vitality vent, which is the display of the power and beauty of primitive impulse.It is full of ecstasy.Therefore, bullfighting will become a common public entertainment method for East and West.
In the southeast of Guizhou, bullfighting is the long -term custom of the local area. "Ling Biao Ji Man" once recorded the Guizhou Congjiang’s bullfighting ceremony. It was a collective carnival ceremony.Towling, gathering and watching the battle, they sounded the copper, blowing the reed tube, blew the iron cannon, and opened the umbrella cover, like the warriors who welcomed the battle, and embraced the cattle into the bullfighting field.Self -killing:
"Two fights suddenly, anger, from the corner fighting, the mighty struggle. The viewer applauded and shouted, and the sound was shocked.The winner is cheerful, and the loser said: ‘This meal is also, eat it!’ Throw the loser and say: "This silver is also, if you will go!The felt, with the red mane as the color, the red cricket tied the ball, tied to the end of the cow.
The winner in the bullfighting is glory, and the loser is "frustrated". If the defeated cattle died without fighting, it would "kill to vent their anger."The participant of a bullfighting activity told Liu Xifan a surprise.A defeated cattle suddenly burst into tears at the knife under the human stabbing, and the owner of the village was compassionate and raised.The next year was duel with the former cattle, "As a result, both cows were killed."
The victory of human beings competes for the consequences.Compared with the way to control the two bulls in the East, the West prefers humans to fight with cattle in person.Spain’s bullfighting is world -famous, known as the gorgeous duel of red and black. The bullfighting wore in black luxury costumes, the shawl with blood red shawls, stood in the field, constantly irritating the healthy black cow.Between the flashes, the bullfighter stabbed the spear and the short sword in his hands on the aggressive bull back.The blood was gradually exhausted, and the bullfighter pierced a long sword into the heart of the black cow.In the faint breathing of the black cow fell to the ground, the bullfighting was accepted by the audience’s cheers.The skills of life and killing are blooming as the audience’s carnival on the bullfighting field.
Picasso’s "The Death of Horse Horse Bills", for Bidaline, has a sacred emotion like a nearly religious ritual for Picasso.In his life, he created many paintings with bullfighting.
The prevalence of bullfighting in the East and West, although the forms are different, but the essence is not different. On the surface, they are all games of killing life, but the inside is the ambitious ambition of human beings to conquer the barbaric with civilization.In the oldest heroic epic "Gilgamesh", Gilgamesh, the hero of the hero of human civilization, killed the heavenly cow who punished human beings with his partner Enqidu, and grabbed with both hands with both handsLiving in the horns turned to the side, Gilgamesh borrowed a sword with a sword.This meaning is obvious. Tiansheng symbolizes the power of nature, while the king of mankind Gilgamesh and Equs Dudu’s slaughter of Tianshi symbolize the conquest of nature’s conquest of human civilization.
Demonus’s mosaic mosaic paintings killed the Niuhe Taunda Minnota, which is now hidden in Naples National Archaeological Museum.
One of the most famous myths in ancient Greece, Prince of Athens Toshus went to Crete Island and passed the test of the maze to kill the bulls who swallowed the living person Mino Tao.Special conquest.Mino Taozhen in history is the god of worship of Bulls on Crete. In the eyes of the Greeks of civilization, this worship of the bull’s reproductive force is exactly the stubborn evidence of Crete Island.The image of the lion fighting the bulls often appearing in the Persian Palace symbolizes the rule of the rulers to conquer his enemy.This lion’s murderer’s image mother question is also used by other religious beliefs. In the famous Buddhist story "Labor Fighting Saint", the Buddha’s proud disciple Sariputo and the foreign actionsThe brave bull, while Sariputra became a lion biting the bull, showing that the Buddhist Fa -rectification defeated the evil art of the outside world.
The lion biting bull figure in the Dunhuang document, "The Study of the Holy Fighting", the image of this lion bullfighting is very popular in Western and Central Asia.The earliest images came from the relief in the hall in the hall in the 6th century BC. The Persian Palace of Person Polyza was relieved in the hall. In the portrait bricks of the Han Dynasty in China, there were also images of tigers fighting with cattle.
When human beings were requested to cattle, cows were regarded as the idols of the gods and worshiped by others; when humans need to show their own conquest desire, cows became the object of being killed.But do Niu have to say about it all?
04
Niu Zuoren
The ox cart of the portrait brick of the Wei and Jin dynasties.
"The world is chaotic, I am very embarrassed, what can I take by me?"
The cow, who was driving in front of him, suddenly spoke people, making Zhang Du and his servants from the car were shocked.In the face of the question of Niu, Zhang Yan, who was shocked, had to agree with Niu’s opinion: "Let Ru pay back, don’t re -speak." So he returned home.The strange thing of this Niu speaks people is recorded in the strange notes of the Jinren Qianbao Internet.Jiangxia County, the second year of Tai’an (303) ruled by the monarch Jin Huidi.In the fall of this year, Zhang Changzhi changed. Jiang Xia became the first city pointed by Zhang Changbingfeng and was caught in disaster.The soldiers were killed in collective slaughter, and they survived.
After describing this strange news, Qianbao quoted the "Yi Zhuan" of the Han Dynasty classics, Jingfang "Yi Zhuan" as the last comments: "Niu can speak, as if it is good and bad." Coincidentally, in the late Roman Republic, a cow suddenly suddenly suddenly suddenly made a sudden sudden cow suddenly suddenly suddenly suddenly.He spoke people, predicted the annihilation of the Roman Republic.The development of history is not bad as we know.
But Niu’s words are not only predicted by the disaster. A Qing Dynasty literati named Zeng Yuwang also recorded a strange thing in the private notes "Yiyi Note".The family named Yin raised a cow and saw that this cow was getting older. The Yin couple discussed "this cow is useless, it is better to sell the butcher, and then make a number of silver, buy a fat cow."The old cow refused to eat grass.I kicked it a few feet, I didn’t want the old cow to speak suddenly:
"Er family kills me, the family will lose, and it will be prosperous."
The scared Yin couple finally decided to continue to raise the old cow.Sure enough, "Since then, food and clothing have gradually become bad."
Niu suddenly said people’s words, and it was also a nonsense to predict people. This is naturally nonsense.But from another perspective, it proves that Niu, the most familiar creature in humans, is indeed related to the fate of human beings.In agricultural society, Niu, as the main livestock of farming, is strong or bad, which reflects the quality of food harvest, and the ingenuity of the grain is directly related to the prosperity of society.The fat beef means a bumper harvest and the stability of the society, while the thin cattle is a sign of famine and chaos.In the story of the Old Testament, Pharaoh dreamed of seven fat cows and seven thin cows, and Joseph, who interpreted his dream, told him that this heralded seven rich years and seven bars.
With the fatness of your body, it foreshadows the quality of the end of the scene and the rising and upstence of society. This is the silent answer to the most concerned about human beings.This is also the most enlightened significance for human beings. It is working hard for others for milk, and provides a delicious meal for human beings.There is a taste of disappointment, and there is always a quiet expression on his face.
Ding Cong, "Pen Farming Picture".Xin Chou’s New Year, the pen is endless, and he will make persistent efforts.
Niu is the most corresponding creature, and does not care whether it is dedicated to being worshiped by humans as a deity, or a brutal and rigid incarnation.It is always silent, but humans believe that it can foresee everything when it speaks.In a sense, this is why Niu was selected by Lao Tzu to load the Avenue.The ultimate answer about the universe life may really be hidden in its heart, and in order to keep this secret, it is willing to bow his head down and work silently.That "哞-" contains the meaning of life: whether it is active or passive, use your behavior to prove the meaning of your life.
Article | Li Xia En
Edit | Xu Yuedong
School pair | Xue Jingning
Source: Beijing News
